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High-pressure mineral physics is a field that is strongly driven by the development of new technology. Fifty years ago, when experimentally achievable pressures were limited to just 25 GPa, little was know about the mineralogy of the Earth's lower mantle. Silicate perovskite, the likely dominant mineral of the deep Earth, was identified only when the high-pressure techniques broke the pressure barrier of 25 GPa in 1970's. However, as the maximum achievable pressure reached beyond one Megabar (100 GPa) and even to the pressure of Earth's core on minute samples, new discoveries increasingly were

Mineralogy. --- Mineralogical chemistry. --- Geophysics. --- Materials at high pressures.

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Nucleation is the key event in mineralisation, but a general molecular understanding of phase separation mechanisms is still missing, despite more than 100 years of research in this field. In recent years, many studies have highlighted the occurrence of precursors and intermediates, which seem to challenge the assumptions underlying classical theories of nucleation and growth. This is especially true for the field of biomineralisation, where bio-inspired strategies take advantage of the special properties of the precursors and intermediates for the generation of advanced materials. All of this has led to the development of "non-classical" frameworks, which, however, often lack quantitative expressions for the evaluation and prediction of phase separation, growth and ripening processes, and are under considerable debate. It is thus evident that there is a crucial need for research into the early stages of mineral nucleation and growth, designed for the testing, refinement, and expansion of the different existing notions. This Special Issue of Minerals aims to bring together corresponding studies from all these areas, dealing with precursors and intermediates in mineralisation with the hope that it may contribute to the achievement of a better understanding of nucleation precursors and intermediates, and their target-oriented use in materials chemistry.

Nucleation. --- Mineralogical chemistry. --- Chemistry, Mineralogical --- Mineral chemistry --- Geochemistry --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical

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The book consolidates valuable findings from chemistry and materials science as well as mineralogy and geochemistry, and the presentation has relevance to professionals in a wide range of disciplines. Experimental techniques are surveyed, but the emphasis is on applying theoretical tools to various groups of minerals: the oxides, silicates, carbonates, borates, and sulfides. Other topics dealt with in depth include structure, stereochemistry, bond strengths and stabilities of minerals, various physical properties, and the overall geochemical distribution of the elements.

Analytical geochemistry. --- Quantum chemistry. --- Mineralogical chemistry. --- Chemical bonds. --- Bonds, Chemical --- Chemical structure --- Chemistry, Physical and theoretical --- Overlap integral --- Quantum chemistry --- Valence (Theoretical chemistry) --- Chemistry, Mineralogical --- Mineral chemistry --- Geochemistry --- Chemistry, Quantum --- Quantum theory --- Excited state chemistry --- Analytic geochemistry --- Geochemical analysis --- Geochemistry, Analytic --- Analytical chemistry --- Analytical geochemistry --- Chemical bonds --- Mineralogical chemistry --- 549.12

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High-pressure mineral physics is a field that is strongly driven by the development of new technology. Fifty years ago, when experimentally achievable pressures were limited to just 25 GPa, little was know about the mineralogy of the Earth's lower mantle. Silicate perovskite, the likely dominant mineral of the deep Earth, was identified only when the high-pressure techniques broke the pressure barrier of 25 GPa in 1970's. However, as the maximum achievable pressure reached beyond one Megabar (100 GPa) and even to the pressure of Earth's core on minute samples, new discoveries increasingly were

Mineralogy. --- Mineralogical chemistry. --- Geophysics. --- Materials at high pressures. --- Geological physics --- Terrestrial physics --- Chemistry, Mineralogical --- Mineral chemistry --- High pressure (Technology) --- Strength of materials --- Earth sciences --- Physics --- Geochemistry --- Physical geology --- Crystallography --- Minerals

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This book introduces the unusual shock-related mineralogical features of the shocked Suizhou L6 (S5) meteorite. The olivine and pyroxene in Suizhou display a mosaic shock feature, while most of plagioclase grains have transformed to glassy maskelynite. A few of the shock-induced melt veins in the meteorite are the simplest, straightest and thinnest ones among all shock-vein-bearing meteorites, and contain the most abundant high-pressure mineral species. Among the 11 identified species, tuite, xieite, and the post-spinel CF-phase of chromite are new minerals. The meteorite experienced a peak shock pressure up to 24 GPa and temperatures of up to 1000° C. Locally developed shock veins were formed at the same pressure, but at an elevated temperature of about 2000° C that was produced by localized shear-friction stress. The rapid cooling of the extremely thin shock veins is the main reason why 11 shock-induced high-pressure mineral phases could be preserved in them so well. This book offers a helpful guide for meteoritics researchers and mineralogists and invaluable resource for specialists working in high-pressure and high-temperature mineralophysics.

Mineralogy --- Geology --- Earth & Environmental Sciences --- Mineralogical chemistry. --- Meteorites --- Geochemistry. --- Chemical composition of the earth --- Chemical geology --- Geological chemistry --- Geology, Chemical --- Chemistry, Mineralogical --- Mineral chemistry --- Chemistry --- Earth sciences --- Meteors --- Geochemistry --- Mineralogy. --- Planetology. --- Astrophysics. --- Space Sciences (including Extraterrestrial Physics, Space Exploration and Astronautics). --- Astronomical physics --- Astronomy --- Cosmic physics --- Physics --- Planetary sciences --- Planetology --- Physical geology --- Crystallography --- Minerals --- Space sciences. --- Science and space --- Space research --- Cosmology --- Science